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Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about west of Knoxville. Oak Ridge's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Oak Ridge city, Tennessee )〕 It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Oak Ridge's nicknames include ''the Atomic City'',〔Olwell, Russell, ''At Work in the Atomic City: A Labor and Social History of Oak Ridge, Tennessee'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 2004).〕 ''the Secret City'',〔Warren Resen, "(The Secret City: Oak Ridge, Tennessee )," ''The Observer News'', 3 August 2010. Retrieved: 9 November 2011.〕 ''the Ridge'', and ''the City Behind the Fence''.〔Charles Johnson and Charles Jackson, ''City Behind a Fence: Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1942–1946'' (Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, 1981).〕 Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project—the massive American, British, and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb. As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city's economy and culture in general. ==History== The earliest substantial occupation of the Oak Ridge area occurred during the Woodland period (c. 1000 BC – 1000), although artifacts dating to the Paleo-Indian period have been found throughout the Clinch Valley.〔Beverly Burbage, "Paleo-Indian Points and Uniface Material from the Clinch River Valley." ''Tennessee Archaeologist'' 28, no. 1 (Spring of 1962), 47–50.〕 Two Woodland mound sites—the Crawford Farm Mounds and the Freels Farm Mounds—were uncovered in the 1930s as part of the Norris Basin salvage excavations. Both sites were located just southeast of the former Scarboro community.〔William Webb, ''An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee'' (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1938), 180–189.〕 The Bull Bluff site, which was occupied during both the Woodland and Mississippian (c. 1000–1600) periods, was uncovered in the 1960s in anticipation of the construction of Melton Hill Dam.〔Glyn DuVall, "A Phase I Archaeological Survey of Proposed Potable Water Storage and Force Main Facilities, Y-12 National Security Complex Site, Anderson County, Tennessee" (August 2005), p. 4. Retrieved: 3 April 2008.〕 Bull Bluff is a cliff located immediately southeast of Haw Ridge, opposite Melton Hill Park. The Oak Ridge area was largely uninhabited by the time Euro-American explorers and settlers arrived in the late 18th century, although the Cherokee claimed the land as part of their hunting grounds. During the early 19th century, several rural farming communities developed in the Oak Ridge area, namely Edgemoor and Elza in the northeast, East Fork and Wheat in the southwest, Robertsville in the west, and Bethel and Scarboro in the southeast. The European-American settlers who founded these communities arrived in the late 1790s following the American Revolutionary War and after the Cherokee signed the Treaty of Holston, ceding what is now Anderson County to the United States. According to local tradition, John Hendrix (1865–1915), an eccentric local resident regarded as a mystic, prophesied the establishment of Oak Ridge some 40 years before construction began. Upset by the death of his young daughter and the subsequent departure of his wife and remaining family, he became religious and told his neighbors he was seeing visions. When he described his visions, people thought he was insane; for this reason, he was institutionalized for a time. According to several published accounts,〔 one vision that he described repeatedly was considered to be a description of the city and production facilities built 28 years after his death, to be used in World War II. The version recalled by neighbors and relatives has been reported as follows: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oak Ridge, Tennessee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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